I would not bet against China. All the R&D done in US and Europe could be done also in China, but R&D takes time.
Lot technological development in China in the last two decades was result of US and European companies outsourcing manufacturing to China and most importantly, sharing know-how with Chinese companies.
I recommend the book "How China Captured Apple" by Patrick McGee
Lot technological development in China in the last two decades was result of US and European companies outsourcing manufacturing to China and most importantly, sharing know-how with Chinese companies.
I recommend the book "How China Captured Apple" by Patrick McGee
https://www.thewirechina.com/2025/05/25/patrick-mcgee-on-how...
This outsourcing development path for jet engines in China is not possible because ITAR.