Other than that, I think China also has a barrier to entry which the West does not have towards China, where companies had to have a Chinese "babysitter" in Western companies having factories in China. If VW wanted to have a factory there, the only way to archive this was to partner with a Chinese company and do 50/50 split, so that VW could not own more than 50% of the factory. While this is no longer valid since 2022, there are now other mechanisms for getting strong control over foreign factories.
In contrast, China can do whatever the German legal system allows them to do in Germany, for example with Kuka. They have the same rights as German or US companies.
> market seen as vital, the West either makes up
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_world
Other than that, I think China also has a barrier to entry which the West does not have towards China, where companies had to have a Chinese "babysitter" in Western companies having factories in China. If VW wanted to have a factory there, the only way to archive this was to partner with a Chinese company and do 50/50 split, so that VW could not own more than 50% of the factory. While this is no longer valid since 2022, there are now other mechanisms for getting strong control over foreign factories.
In contrast, China can do whatever the German legal system allows them to do in Germany, for example with Kuka. They have the same rights as German or US companies.