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> In international law, they were treaties.

Please provide a verifiable reference to the specific international law or laws that says that a US president's signature is sufficient to create a binding treaty.

The US Constitution, specifically Article II, section 2, says "[The president] shall have the power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided that two-thirds of the Senators present concur". That's pretty clear that the President's signature alone is not enough.



Article 7 of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, specifically

> 1. A person is considered as representing a State for the purpose of adopting or authenticating the text of a treaty or for the purpose of expressing the consent of the State to be bound by a treaty if:

[...]

> (b) it appears from the practice of the States concerned or from other circumstances that their intention was to consider that person as representing the State for such purposes and to dispense with full powers.

> 2. In virtue of their functions and without having to produce full powers, the following are considered as representing their State:

>(a) Heads of State, [...], for the purpose of performing all acts relating to the conclusion of a treaty;

[...]

Again, your constitution is your business. We do not care about it and it is not pertinent to our dealings with you. Get your house in order.




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