Outlook on the desktop is pretty much in maintenance mode only and Microsoft is already breaking it[0]. As for web version runs on linux just fine so you are in luck.
In general, unless you need advanced Excel features, you can switch to linux.
We use Exchange on-premises, and the web client is really bad.
While email is asynchronous and I can live with not seeing it all the time (I check it occasionally anyway), the calendar feature is a must, and specifically the reminders. This is why I cannot live without Outlook launched, and it reminds me of meetings I would miss otherwise.
Didn't expect onprem since microsoft has super weird requirements on it since v2019 and haven't properly maintained it for years (except now you are also supposed to pay for it monthly), but if you would suffer with the old web version, you may want to look into Evolution+ews which should be able to handle onprem exchange on linux. Unsure if it supports niche features like public folders but the normal stuff should be covered.
And the crazy thing is that while outlook is my life it's also unbelievably bad. Why can't I have the calendar and email client open at the same time? Why don't newly received email addresses appear in the valid auto complete for sending out calendar invites? Why is search practically useless?
I just installed Thunderbird yesterday, and it finally supports my work email flawlessly, and even the calendar works essentially the same as with Outlook.
Can you briefly explain what it is that you like about Outlook? I've had to use it at corporate clients, and I really detest it. The interface seems to suffer from that same ribbon-nonsense that Word suffers from. Its search is poor and slow. It offers very few display customization options. The calendar in particular is horrendous, I can't even seem to select a time block by clicking/dragging the way I've been able to do in Thunderbird for (probably) 2 decades.
Or maybe you're talking about needing Exchange integration? I don't know what the state of that is on Linux these days.