Is there a way to configure the jump (hop) server to reroute the request based on the value of %h and/or %p? Otherwise, it's going to be quite difficult to configure something like HTTP virtual hosts.

EDIT: Looking at the relevant RFC [1] and the OpenSSH sshd_config manual [2], it looks like the answer is that the protocol supports having the jump server decide what to do with the host/port information, but the OpenSSH server software doesn't present any relevant configuration knobs.

[1]: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4254.html#section-7.2

[2]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/sshd_config.5.html

Yes, but it's not in the sshd config, it's in the ssh config. See ssh_config(5), search for Remote to find the most relevant sections.

I don't follow. If it's in ssh_config, then it's client-side. Either that's the client initiating the request, in which case it's not server-controlled like HTTP virtual hosts, or else it's the "client" involved in the hop through the jump server, in which case it's going to be specific to a single username. Also the Remote* options have to do with remote port forwarding, which is in the wrong direction.

What am I missing?

If you don't need to do anything complicated, ProxyJump is easier to remember.

    Host *.internal.example.com
      ProxyJump hop.internal.example.com

ProxyJump was implemented a decade ago to replace that specific string.

I'm aware of proxy jump and other client side config but I'd rather that not every single client need to do this configuration.

Newer versions of ssh support ProxyJump

  ssh -J hop.internal.example.com foo.internal.example.com