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Germany was first. Bismarck did it to preempt the socialists. https://www.ssa.gov/history/ottob.html

By the way, the retirement age of 65 was chosen at the time based on "when the average worker dies", a long retirement had never been the plan. We are now getting back to that.



Age 70 actually at first, later adjusted to 65.

I can imagine the workers joking about making it to retirement... Coal miners probably had little chance, we can't imagine today how hard that work was. They were usually "worn out" around age 50.




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