Since we've yet to figure out a way to "measure" consciousness, it depends on what "theory" of consciousness you subscribe too. I believe something must make use of quantum effects such as entanglement in order to have qualia (eg. Penrose models). So, ChatGPT running on deterministic hardware is just a bigger mechanical clock, but the organoinds have qualia. At least insofar as a worm or chicken have qualia. Add enough of them of and you might get consciousness. I don't consider this line of research ethical, but philosophical objections won't provide much of a disincentive.
Physics says "we don't know what this word means", which is exactly why it's a flawed assumption to say "human neurons are necessary" or "human neurons are sufficient".
