For those curious but with less ambition (t'Hooft's syllabus is pretty wild for people who don't actually want to work in the field) I'd recommend Leonard Susskind's Theoretical Minimum series. It's a lecture series recorded at Stanford, available for free on Youtube. There's even one or two books by now I believe that cover classical and quantum mechanics. The video lectures go all the way to the standard model, general relativity, cosmology and even some string theory - all of it presented in a way that people with upper high-school or lower undergrad level math knowledge should be able to follow.