qutebrowser used to use QtWebKit back in 2013, but doesn't use it anymore by default ever since its v1.0.0 release in 2017.
Ever since then, it uses QtWebEngine, which is based on Chromium. You can still use it with QtWebKit (at least until the upcoming v3.0.0 release), but that's mostly for historical reasons - I really can't recommend it, as QtWebKit is still based on a WebKit from 2016 and pretty much dead.