The same phenomenon has many different names. From the OP:
> See also:
> Campbell's law – "The more any quantitative social indicator is used for social decision-making, the more subject it will be to corruption pressures" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell%27s_law
> Lucas critique – it is naive to try to predict the effects of a change in economic policy entirely on the basis of relationships observed in historical data https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucas_critique
> See also:
> Campbell's law – "The more any quantitative social indicator is used for social decision-making, the more subject it will be to corruption pressures" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell%27s_law
> Cobra effect – when incentives designed to solve a problem end up rewarding people for making it worse https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobra_effect
> Gaming the system https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaming_the_system
> Lucas critique – it is naive to try to predict the effects of a change in economic policy entirely on the basis of relationships observed in historical data https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucas_critique
> McNamara fallacy – involves making a decision based solely on quantitative observations (or metrics) and ignoring all others https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McNamara_fallacy
> Overfitting https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overfitting
> Reflexivity (social theory) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexivity_(social_theory)
> Reification (fallacy) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reification_(fallacy)
> San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment – 2012 manifesto against using the journal impact factor to assess a scientist's work https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Declaration_on_R...
> Volkswagen emissions scandal – 2010s diesel emissions scandal involving Volkswagen https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_emissions_scandal
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodhart%27s_law#See_also