It's less about DPI than about raw pixel count. At 1080p, you simply lose too much usable screen space to menus, toolbars, task bars, and all the dumb shit that websites set "position: fixed" on. 2560x1440 (or better yet, 2560x1600) with appropriate magnification gives you a lot more flexibility in how you use screen space, instead of more or less forcing you to work with only one maximized/fullscreen window at a time.
I use a 13" MBP with no UI magnification, but most web pages scaled to around 200%. That keeps the UI nice and compact and leaves a lot of screen space for actual content (about 2170x1523 with my current browser layout). I do occasionally set it to a scaled resolution when someone else has to watch/use the machine as well.
I couldn't agree more, I was given 16:10 monitors for my current job and I'm not sure if I'll ever go back to 16:9 if I can avoid it. Next laptop is a 13" MBP for sure too.
I don't really get why anyone would use laptop screen or keyboard unless they're traveling. I'm using my laptop purely as a portable computer between home and office desks. I would be quite fine with a laptop without screen or keyboard, at least until someone wants me to present in a live meeting.
It makes it really uncomfortable to use when you're not connected to a larger screen. If I'm buying a laptop, I want a decent screen for when I'm not sitting at my desk. If I didn't care about that, I wouldn't be buying a laptop in the first place.