Anecdotally I've always perceived that dress as blue/brown from the very beginning and I can't "switch" my vision to perceive it otherwise. It's incomprehensible to me that someone can see it as blue/white or even worse as black/gold :)
I don't want to trigger another thread about this old image, but I will point out that there are significant differences in monitor gamut and gamma across devices. Some cheap laptop LCDs crush blacks and whites significantly if you aren't looking at perpendicular dead center.
It is for this reason that using light blue or light yellow backgrounds to demarcate ads is sinister -- one can A/B test their marker into literal invisibility for many users.
I'm an amateur photographer and have got quite good monitors that I calibrate regularly :) But I've got trained sight, especially for color balance because of that - I can see people faces greenish when they stand under a tree in a sunny day so that's that.
On the flipside, I've experienced the dress thing before the dress itself - for me, it was entirely the difference between being used to sunlight vs indoor light. If I was currently used to the brighter sunlight I'd see it one way, after adjusting to indoor blue-r light I'd see it the other way.
After realizing that cause, I was able to change how I viewed the dress willingly.
