Rust and Go likely translate into similar enough assembly for similar code to make the performance close enough.

However, bigger caches will always have more cache hits than smaller caches. Therefore could easily be 100x faster.

The blog does a better job explaining everything than I can but simply put the “granular” memory management Rust allows gave them an improved ability to create a bigger cache. Go (at the time) while great did not work well for that particular usecase and required smaller cache sizes.