It still seems bizarre to me that anyone would argue that e-mail is not protected by the fourth amendment.
The court's decision said it best:
It follows that email requires strong protection under the
Fourth Amendment; otherwise the Fourth Amendment would
prove an ineffective guardian of private communication,
an essential purpose it has long been recognized to serve
Remember, this is the country whose government argued "The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion" actually meant "The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion or we deem them a terrorist"...
A non-citizen terrorist is not rebelling, and it's hard to argue that terror attacks constitute an invasion - there's no intent to control territory, nor is a governmental entity involved.
I think the rules apply to the non-citizen while they are here. I think they actually agree to that when they enter the US. So, technically, they are rebelling.
If they're "rebelling", then so are Russian agents here covertly. I'd say it's pretty clear the Constitution didn't intend for arbitrary criminal acts committed by individuals or small groups to count as rebellions.
That makes sense to me. I don't think you need to have an intent to control territory. Nor do I think we stop an examine things to make sure of the purpose.
Can Godzilla really be considered an invader, given they frequently simply stomp-and-leave, or defend against others - who would stomp-and-leave (or occasionally set up shop) - by stomping-and-leaving? When I think invaders, I think intent-to-occupy; Godzilla seems to have no interest in occupying any Tokyo estates. Where there's no intent to occupy, I consider them to be just destroyers.
Hmm. Would obliterating something (and leaving) count as an invasion? To take it to ridiculous proportions: say we blew up another planet. Did we invade it?
To be fair, at the time of writing, it was pretty difficult to destroy another nation's cities/property/wealth without physically entering and being next to them.
A terrorist is someone who employs terror as a political weapon, a murderer is someone who commits murder. They're not synonymous, although a terrorist may employ murder to create terror, just like they could employ facial hair in a pogonophobics group session.
If the U.S. has an official definition of terrorism, they aren't sharing it with the rest of us.
Regardless, the point of the "invasion or rebellion" exception is obviously to handle circumstances so extreme that there won't be a government to recognize habeus corpus if due process is followed. The U.S. faces no such threat from lawfully dealing with terror suspects.
Yes. The government argues that terrorism is a unique threat that requires extreme measures, such as removing rights from citizens. But the counter-argument is that it IS a unique threat: one that can never be conclusively dealt with. There will never be a time when we can say "we have won; we are safe from terrorists." Therefore, any rights we surrender in this "war" will be gone forever.
In other words, the ubiquitous, eternal possibility of terrorism is the strongest argument for why we should NOT allow "extreme measures" that involve citizens losing their rights, because that loss will be permanent.
My understanding that part of the arguments center around the idea of a reasonable expectation of privacy. You're not protected by the fourth amendment for public communications, for example.
While most people probably do expect that their emails are private, it's not necessarily a fair assumption. Email is by default completely unencrypted. (even if you are communicating with your mail server sercurly, it is likely that when your message is sent to a different server it is unencrypted.) You can make the argument that such open communication does not carry a reasonable expectation of privacy when anyone on the network could read it so easily. (Let alone people using open wifi to connect to an unsecured mail server where anyone on the network could read anything -- firesheep)
This is further complicated by the fact that we most of us hand over our emails to be stored by third parties (a very different practice from entrusting the postal service with a sealed envelope) who don't necessarily have the same legal protection to maintain the privacy of your communication as you do.
I'm glad that the courts see email as protected, but I recognize that there are legal arguments to be made for the opposite case.
Most phone calls back in the day were analog, and there was no reasonable expectation that anyone with a pair of alligator clips and a speaker couldn't listen in to their calls - but privacy laws still applied.
True, there are arguments but i would say they're pretty weak.
Though emails are stored by third parties, those parties state that they won't read your email. That makes it reasonable to assume that they won't read your information and further reasonable that your communication will remain private due to those statements.
Yes email travels unencrypted through mail servers but it's not a requirement that someone read the message to pass it though the server. Someone has to overtly snoop on the message to break the users privacy. Much like a phone call passes through telco offices and someone can snoop on a call by taping two copper wires.
Contrast that with sending a telegram to someone over the phone. In order for the message to go out you have to tell the 3rd party what it says so they can type it for you.
A letter that's sealed can still be read fairly easily. If not by breaking the seal with steam then simply by someone holding it up to a light. The seal is a very weak protection mechanism.
"While most people probably do expect that their emails are private..." fairly well sums up the "reasonable expectation of privacy" standard. So, you know, full stop.
I'm just astonished that it's taken more than 30 years to reach this decision, and a least at decade of very widespread use.
To me, this sounds a lot like "you didn't bother to lock the door, so obviously it's legal for me to come in," or even "you used a lock that's easily picked" with the same conclusion.
If I'm a non-technical person, I send an email, I address it to a single person, expressing my expectation that only that person will read it. Just because someone CAN violate that privacy doesn't mean they should be allowed to. Just like when I have a private conversation in my house with the door closed, I'm expressing an expectation of privacy. Just because someone CAN bounce laser beams off my windows, read the vibrations, and reconstruct the sound waves doesn't give them the right to do so at will.
The court's decision said it best: