It would not surprise me at all if the sequencing step was done via FPGA processing many network inputs at line rate with a shared monotonic clock. This would give it some amount of parallelism.
good point, sequencing is very minimal, therefore some parallelism is feasible that way, but the pipeline is not that deep, at least ideally. Of course if people are chasing nano-seconds, it may make sense.
In general he was not a fan of regulating banks, although he walked back some of his beliefs after 2008. Although iirc he still supports combining investment and commercial banks. Various shenanigans involving privatization of Russian industry. Pushing for tax cuts at the expense of infrastructure spending. He didn't like that the US capped exec pay at banks that received bailouts (banks that gave him millions in speaking fees, which seems a lil bit sketch)
All of them lol. Summers pushed aggressively for the free trade agreements (including allowing China into the WTO) that, in practice, shuttered American manufacturing, he pushed for cuts to capital gains tax, he lobbied aggressively against regulating derivatives and in favor of repealing glass-stegall, both of which directly led to the 2008 crisis, and then after the crisis he caused, he architected a recovery package that prioritized bailing out banks (but not enough to dig the economy out of recession quickly). He's one of the most damaging American figures of all time, he basically got us Trump if you ask me.
For certain jobs, I've done development for Linux while also having a Windows box for other things. Opening Linux GUI apps remotely on my Windows desktop is nice and allows me to consolidate my displays. This is an edge case, for sure. How well does Wayland support this?
AFAIK it's more or less still being worked on. Since Wayland has no support in the core protocol, it's an add-on which needs the compositor to forward input and output streams and then something to compress the video and forward it (+input events) further over the network. I can't say that I got it to work so far, though screen sharing in MS Teams(!) running in MS Edge for Linux does work and uses much of the same functionality. That is with KDE and kwin-wayland.
Anything not in the core protocol might as well not exist. It is literally, by design, impossible to write a fully featured desktop using the core protocols by themselves.
Here is a dumb question. In an OS with user-space drivers, can't many existing drivers be wrapped and repurposed? Does this shorten the path to mainstreaming more new OSes?
Is it really true that ICE has been stable? Cars seem to have been getting many innovations, especially with power, torque, and reliability. We probably don't hear much about it because it is low profile stuff and a mature product.
The newest vehicle reliability advances are _less_ reliability via:
- cylinder deactivation
- ubiquitous turbos
- gasoline direction injection
- more computers
- generally higher cost of repairs (eg: if a car from 2023 needed a headlight it would cost much more than a car from 1998 needing a headlight, and even if they both had the same failure rate the reliability of the new car would be worse from cost alone)
This is well informed and correct. Understand this if you buy a new ICE vehicle: the drive train is uneconomic to repair out of warranty: do not imagine you'll keep it long term or hand it off to a kid or whatever.
Costs drop like a rock once vehicles get old enough that they can't be financed, which means dealers won't sell them, which means they won't be bundled with 3rd party warranties and service plans, which means that the owner will be the one paying and there's actual pressure to control costs (because the owner has no party down the line to pass costs onto).
For example, for the longest time Nissan CVTs were "nonrebuildable, send it back and buy a reman" now any idiot can rebuild one for under a grand in parts.
4L60 and E4OD rebuilds were also $$$ for a long time now they're dirt cheap too.
I wouldn't cite the 4L60E in this argument. It's an ancient design, as Wikipedia puts it, "The 4L60E is the electronically commanded evolution of the Turbo-Hydramatic 700R4, originally produced in 1982." The 700R4 is a THM350 from 1969 with an additional overdrive gear.
I'm not writing about 50+ year old platforms, around which a huge market of suppliers and technicians has evolved. The ICE transmissions GM sells today are vastly more complex, with zero design commonality with the classic stuff, and enjoy none of the benefit of long adoption that make the classic stuff cost effective. Further, and this is the important part, because the lifecycle of everything ICE is much shorter now, measured in years as opposed to decades, they never will.
So ten years from now, when your circa 2020 10L60 dies, there won't be a transmission shop in every town that's equipped and stocked to deal with it cheaply. The cost will be greater than the value of the vehicle. And that's my point: these vehicles are not going to be economic to operate out of warranty.
You can trace all these designs back forever. It's more "inspired by" than actual incremental revision in most cases. There is just about nothing but some vague shapes that look similar and maybe some bolt lengths that are common between a 4L60 and the TH350 era stuff.
>Further, and this is the important part, because the lifecycle of everything ICE is much shorter now, measured in years as opposed to decades, they never will.
The average car on the road is lasting longer as the years go on. People said the same things when fuel injection came out.
>So ten years from now, when your circa 2020 10L60 dies, there won't be a transmission shop in every town that's equipped and stocked to deal with it cheaply. The cost will be greater than the value of the vehicle.
I'll take that bet. Modern transmissions are stupidly easy to rebuild from a skills point of view because they replace all sorts of mechanical adjustment with "hurr hurr we just PWM the solenoid to make it go BRRT and if the BRRT is too rough the computer algorithm will turn it down". Yeah there's more components, but those are easi.
> do not imagine you'll keep it long term or hand it off to a kid or whatever.
i don't agree, my friend has been driving the same Toyota LandCruiser for 20 years. I will have no problems handing my 2016 4runner down to my kid who turns 16 this December. The 4runner will last another 10 years easy.
Respectfully I specifically wrote "new." 20 year old SUVs predate the issues of new vehicles.
> my 2016 4runner
Even a 2016 vehicle predates what I'm pointing out. A 2016 4runner likely has a 270hp naturally aspirated V6 with modest power and a relatively basic 5 speed auto transmission. A 2025 4runner is a turbo charged 4 cylinder making nearly 2hp/cu in. and an 8 speed transmission. The former is much simpler and thus economic to maintain and repair compared to the latter.
ICE vehicle drivetrains have changed radically in only the last few years. They're almost universally using forced induction, integrated into unserviceable castings, to attain far higher volumetric efficiency, equivalent to high performance engines of not long ago. Gone are the 4-5 speed transmissions and transaxles: 8-10+ speed is the norm, and the complexity follows here as well. They are absolutely intolerant of neglect and abuse. Repairs are complex and likely to fail: manufacturers have taken to replacing major assemblies in leu of attempting repairs as they would have in the past. Part of that is due to the unserviceable nature of these components. Another part is the lack of dealer talent to deal with their own products. Another part is that the manufacturing lifecycle of major assemblies is now extremely short: only a couple years, whereas 10+ years was normal for common platforms as recently as the the 2010s.
What this means is: when these new products are no longer supported by manufacturers, who will drop their supply obligations rapidly as they legally can due to short lifecycles, parts will be fabulously expensive and difficult to obtain and the skills and tools necessary to repair them will be rarified and also expensive. Post-warranty ICE vehicles will be uneconomic, full stop.
Pretty much all of these reliability reducers are manufacturers trying to eek a little more MPGs by throwing lots of complicated technology at the problem, which introduces a lot more failure points.
Headlights and taillights on my current vehicle are supposedly around $1500 each, mostly due to a bunch of sophisticated sensors being built in.
Back in the 80s headlights were standardized (in the US at least) - you either had rectangular or circular. They were available at every auto parts store. Now they're a special order item from the dealer.
New synthetic oils are very durable. They actually do last a long time.
There are oil tests that confirm this. Also, 10,000+ mile oil changes are not new, and there are tons of used vehicles on the market, running around with long oil change intervals, and high mileage.
But you can't change a headlight bulb if they're a sealed unit, because those don't have bulbs, but with basic tools, you can certainly change a headlight.
But also, if you have a vehicle with a sealed headlight, you're probably not having to change it every other winter.
Actually ICE has improved significantly in the last 20 years, even though progress was held back by emission and safety regulations.
In the year 2000 a sports car would have around 200/250hp while these days any sports car that wants to boast power has around 500hp or more.
Perhaps you're not into cars much but if you compare top cars on track days etc. you will know there have definitely been huge changes.
Though during the last 20 years repairability and reliability also took a hit.
The must fun I've ever had while driving was with the family '99 Honda Civic. Zero power. Zero torque. But, man, it was like driving a go kart in the streets. I'd zip through mountain passes with the engine revving to hell but in reality I'd only be barely going the speed limit.
I did the same mountain pass in my Subaru recently and didn't even notice I was going 20mph over the speed limit. The engine was silent and still responsive.
Those are improvements overall for the environment and safety of course. However as usually improvement in one area is not necessary an improvement in another area. I was referring to "sport" performance of a car or ICE engine then the emission regulation held back the power output and performance of the drive train and the safety regulations added a lot of weight and size to the cars therefore hurting handling.
Said no pedestrian hidden behind my A-pillar (just kidding I still drive a 1980s minivan, one of the poor people ones, not the hipster one, don't get your hopes up).
I'm not sure they've improved that much. Comparing my 1990 miata/mx5 with modern cars I prefer not having electronic screens and bleeping things all over the place. The only thing I'd chose to modernise is engine efficiency which is maybe a bit better now.
Is there anything interesting or novel about this exchange, other than its headquarters are located in Texas?
From what I can tell, the primary data centers will be in New Jersey like all the others.
TXSE's goal is to provide greater alignment with issuers and investors and address the high cost of going and staying public.
The alignment part translates IMO to avoiding political / social science policy issues like avoiding affirmative action listing requirements like the Nasdaq Board Diversity Rules that was just recently repealed: https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2025/01/12/fifth-circuit-vac....
So it is as one might imagine, the formation was probably for similar reasons why owners are moving their company registration out of Delaware.
In a structurally-biased environment, the loss of policies that counteract that bias does not allow companies to "avoid" politics and social science; it allows them to take the side in favor of the structurally-biased status quo. Just so we're clear about what that is.
Delaware law exclusively protects the interests of the board of directors. It allows for a unique provision - the hilariously misnamed "Shareholders Rights Plan" that enable a board of directors to issue shares as they please, in order to make sure every attempt at takeover isn't against the interests of the directors.
The only check on the power of the board in a Delaware corporation is the Delaware court of chancellery.
The irony is that the Levine article the parent provided argues that DE did the exact opposite of shareholder wishes!
> it is weird that Tesla’s management and board of directors and (a large majority of) shareholders all agreed that Musk should get paid $55.8 billion for creating $600 billion of shareholder value, and he did do that, and he got paid that, and a judge overruled that decision and ordered him to give back the money. I can see why Musk — and Tesla’s board, and its shareholders — would find that objectionable! They’re trying to run a company here.
The "real reason" people "freaked out" about Trump dismantling agencies is that he was and has been ignoring the law by fiat and not executing the law as is his constitutionally defined role. It would be one thing to veto a refunding of the DoEd, to approve a dismantling of the DoEd; it's another to unilaterally dismantle institutions that have been enacted into law by Congress. The DoEd is no more unconstitutional than the DoD or any other cabinet-level institution.
I think it's fair to have a hard discussion about the effectiveness of or need for the DoEd, but the way to do that is in Congress, not by fiat by the president. The way the Trump administration has approached it IMHO is grossly unconstitutional and a violation of the separation of powers. The only semi-reasonable rationale I can think of is that Congress is implicitly approving of or voting on the president's actions by not impeaching him, but that seems like an unreasonably high bar, equates lack of action with active approval, and it also infringes on the power of the Congress that enacted the law.
As someone else here on HN noted recently: what is the point of anything pertaining to congressional vote procedures, veto authority, overrides, and so forth if the president ignores, and is allowed to ignore, the laws that are passed anyway?
> mental shackles of subordination to psychological abusers and manipulators that are constantly pushing the idea that state's rights are subsumed to federal rights
Wow. The inter-state commerce clause is a real thing and it does give the federal government broad lattitude to regulate "commerce" across state lines. Commerce seems to entail the flow of both goods and services. We are in this situation because people at the state level decided, democratically, that some decisions should be made federally so as to avoid a huge patchwork of differing laws. To put it bluntly, I don't want to have to carefully review and compare Oregon state law with say Texas state law before I undertake any travel lest I accidentally commit a felony in Texas by doing something that isn't against the law in Oregon, and that's a really good reason to try to limit the differences between the two. If you don't, you'll necessarily chill travel and commerce across state lines because those differences will present a huge barrier to entry and create a big suck on peoples' time and attention.
> These United States, and after the Civil War the de fact illegitimate federal government called itself The United States
This is getting into Soverign Citizen type reasoning.
Run by Blackrock & Citadel, instigated in part to circumvent DEI protections, in a State that can’t keep their power grid stable, promising less regulations for the people running it and listing their companies on it.
Simply put, this is Republicans pushing for “Y'all Street". Target one will be earnings reports, but the eventual push will be to not be overseen by the SEC in some important capacity.
The actions generally do not seem to match the words, and seem to point to a general trend of deregulation and lack of oversight (as the administration has said they would do, and especially in the crypto space has essentially stopped prosecuting crimes)
Going up-thread, here's the original claim under contention:
>> will be to not be overseen by the SEC in some important capacity.
Your articles don't dispute this.
As for whether oversight will be "weaker" and more de-regulated, maybe.
1. There's a headcount reduction. At worst, there's a quote that some really experienced watchdogs are out the door. Hard to tell until we get outcomes.
2. As for withdrawal of proposals, look closer.
> Although most observers doubted that the current Commission would adopt these proposals
Which makes it sound like the proposals were just withdrawn for later submittal and new discussion. Footnote #1 goes into how this isn't really unprecedented, citing similar withdrawals (or resets) under the Biden admin.
Sure, I am just saying the comment about "hunting crooks more aggressively" seems to run counter to their anti-regulation stance, and their active lack of hunting crooks.
I don't think the NYSE had any DEI requirements, but the NASDAQ created a rule where boards needed some minority representation in order to be listed. That rule was challenged and overturned in court though.
> On August 6, 2021, the SEC approved Nasdaq’s proposed diversity rule for companies listed on its exchange. The rule required Nasdaq-listed companies to (1) publicly disclose board-level demographic data annually and (2) have, or explain why they do not have, a certain number of diverse directors on their boards. Companies with more than five board members were required to have two members from an underrepresented group, including one female and one person who self-identifies as Black, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, biracial, or LGBTQ+.
Right. Just like all the autocratic Project 2025 plans, defunding healthcare to give tax breaks to billionaires, sending US military to police US cities, and all the other current actions were " tinfoil hat conspiracy thinking".
There is a party actively committed to implementing autocracy as fast as it can. To willfully ignore that and attempt to deflect from it as you are doing is wrong.
Moreover, if you don't think an autocracy will hurt YOU because you are in some protected group, you are wrong — it might not hurt you first, but it will hurt everyone, including you.
Right, from a 24-day old account making only right wing political comments, a comment that addresses exactly zero of the points made by the initial post.
And regarding ignoring fascism/authoritarianism, you need only look at the difference between fascist and democratic societies
In democratic societies, the three branches of govt are independent, and the branches of civil society, press, academy, religion, business, industry, finance, entertainment, sport, and non-profits are ALL independent.
In autocratic societies, the power of the government is abused to corrupt or coerce all three branches of govt and all segments of civil society to serve the will of the executive.
EVERY single move by the person occupying the President's chair and his party as been to reduce or undermine the independence of the other government branches and all segments of civil society. The party who claims to be about "free enterprise" and "free speech" is seizing ownership of corporations, directly interfering in individual hiring decisions, and even making govt threats to get COMEDIANS fired. Seizing ownership of corporations, even partially, is more typical of Communist governments than democracies.
See if you can find a single substantive exception since 20-Jan-2025 where this administration increased freedom of expression or freedom of economic action, especially when such expressions or actions were unfavorable to it.
Lecturing people on basic US civics doesn't really prove anything.
Lifting prohibitions on nuclear power and nuclear research would qualify I think. That took me about 5 seconds to come up with.
Your side is losing, so you attack, attack, attack. But all you are doing is driving reasonable people away. Your hyperbolic rhetoric is literally getting people killed. And you lie about the victims to justify that violence.
>>Lifting prohibitions on nuclear power and nuclear research
The first thing coming up when I search that phrase is literally everyone but the current administration doing so: 1) World Bank, 2) Denmark, 3) Illinois Gov Pritzger (Dem), 4,5,6,+) Asian Bank. So, perhaps the administration has also reduced regulations in this area, but this is not an economic freedom that reduces concentration of power, particularly as this administration requires a vig to play in every area it can.
As to the rest of the allegations, they are vague, broad-brush, hyperbolic and entirely devoid of any actual examples. No truth at all, or only the kind of "truth" found on Truth Social.
But you do follow well Goebbels' instruction to accuse the enemy of that which you are guilty
OpenAI will be the largest IPO in quite some time, so I totally see why RH is trying to profit off of additional derivatives on this thing. Volume will be off the charts.
Depends what you are looking for. Is it real time quotes?
IEX data is now free after 15minutes instead of 15milliseconds.
One option is the Databento US Equities Mini for 200 USD per month. If I understand it correctly it is some sort of weighted average between multiple exchanges.
I've been happy with Databento as a low-friction way to get market data. I liked it so much, I ported their structs and APIs to Golang. [1]
Their EQUS Mini dataset is a great way to dip the toe if you want live data without licensing restrictions. Databento's article talks exactly about how it is sourced, but it is not that it is averaged but anonymized, specifically because of the complexities of upstream exchange licensing. [2]
You don't have to pay $200 per month for that -- that's for all-you-can-eat. You can experiment with pay as you go.
You can use my dbn-go tools to help you... here's the cost to get all the 1-day candlesticks for all the US Equity Symbols for 1-year... which you could use to make all sorts of charts and redistribute them freely (the trickiest part honestly):
So $4.38 for all that data or $3.78 for just the NASDAQ exchange (not sure of redistribution of that one).
I hang out on their Slack. Today there was a deep discussion about optimizing C++ SPSC queues, although it is usually isn't too technical like that. They are pretty transparent about how they implement things.
Ah so no timing arbitrage in finding a place in Tennessee where data arrives from both places milliseconds apart and you can explore minor differences in pricing
People online like to yak about the woke nonsense.
Reality is there are tax and regulatory advantages. The courts are setup in a way that is favorable to business. They read a very strict interpretation of contracts which is good in some scenarios.
Texas politics is a train wreck, but their bureaucracy is pretty good for a business - things like permitting and other regulatory processes are faster. They also will firehouse you with incentives.
> Reality is there are tax and regulatory advantages. The courts are setup in a way that is favorable to business. They read a very strict interpretation of contracts which is good in some scenarios.
> Texas politics is a train wreck, but their bureaucracy is pretty good for a business - things like permitting and other regulatory processes are faster. They also will firehouse you with incentives.
None of that is really relevant to a stock exchange though. Being on the Texas stock exchange doesn't mean you are subject to Texas laws and regulations just like being on the New York Stock Exchange doesn't subject you to New York laws and regulations.
As far as I'm aware, all of the major exchanges in the US are in NY or in Chicago, and even then, Chicago is mostly just futures exchanges for commodities and not stock exchanges. So unless you're headquartered in NYC (which most companies listed on NYSE/NASDAQ are not), you're already not working with a stock exchange in the same area as you, and failing to collocate the stock exchange isn't really a detriment. (Interestingly, even historically, when stock exchanges were more plentiful in the country, there just doesn't seem to have been much demand for a stock exchange on the west coast at all.)
The main reason to move away from the NYSE or NASDAQ is if you don't like the rules those stock exchanges have.
Can you elaborate on your third point? What would a class need to do to affect debugging info?
Regarding your fourth point, sometimes an architecture can be vastly simplified if the source of information can abstracted away. For example, invoking a callback from a TCP client, batch replay service, unit test, etc. Sometimes object oriented design gets in the way.
To your first point, I think RAII and architecture primarily address this. I'm not sure that I see callback implementation driving this. Although I have seen cancellable callbacks, allowing the receiver to safely cancel a callback when it goes away.
>> Can you elaborate on your third point? What would a class need to do to affect debugging info?
Common implementations are a function pointer + void* pair, which in most debuggers just show you two opaque addresses. Better to include a info block -- at least in debug builds -- with polymorphic type pointers that can actually deduce the type and show you all the fields of the receiver.
>> sometimes an architecture can be vastly simplified if the source of information can abstracted away.
"sometimes" is doing a lot of heavy lifting here. That's my whole point -- more often than not I see some type of homespun functor used in cases that are _not_ simplified, but actually complicated by the unnecessary "plumbing."
>> RAII and architecture primarily address this
If the receiver uses RAII to clean up the callback, then you've reintroduced the "type-intrusiveness" that functors are meant to avoid...?
> most debuggers just show you two opaque addresses
This has not been my experience. But I haven't needed to deal with RTTI disabled.
By RAII, I mean using destructors to unregister a callback. This covers 99.9% of use cases. Generally callback registration is not where you really want type erasure anyways.
>> By RAII, I mean using destructors to unregister a callback.
_Whose_ destructor, if not the receiving-type? Is there a third "binding" object, because then you have three potentially-unrelated lifetimes.
>> Generally callback registration is not where you really want type erasure anyways.
I'm responding to the article: "Some mechanisms for doing callbacks require a modification to, or derivation of, the caller or callee types. The fact that an object is connected to another object in a particular application often has nothing to do with its type. As we'll see below, mechanisms that are type intrusive can reduce the flexibility and increase the complexity of application code. "
The receiving type should control the lifetime of any callbacks to itself that it gives away. The destructor is the best place to ensure this gets properly cleaned up.
Like anything, custom
callbacks can be used well or misused. Design is a matter of expertise and taste bordering on an art form. Connecting framework implementation and business logic can be done cleanly or clumsily. I am skeptical of an argument that callbacks have a code smell prima facie.
I don't disagree, but the article does. RH describes an architecture where setup functions create callbacks, independent of the receiving type. If I were to steelman him, it would be something like this: "in a pedantic MVC system, model objects don't depend on view objects by design, and therefore should not be aware that their methods are used as 'click callbacks'"
Watching this movie, I did not get a sense of glorifying violence in any way. If anything, it glorifies resistance to authority. The strongest and most successful members of the resistance (like the Sensei) avoid confrontation. It's the violent ones that end up detracting from their cause.
Funnily enough that character's name is Perfidia, which is the Latin word for treacherous. To anyone considering watching, it is a well-paced action movie with some very funny parts.
I tend to agree with this, although I’ll note that I don’t equate revolution with violence. Often but not always, and Sensei sure has weapons at hand, for whatever that’s worth.
Who said the film is glorifying violence, certainly not that review?
Certainly not the review lambasting PTA for presenting Black women in every negative stereotype possible to show that violence is bad?
Certainly not the movie that has a Black woman named Jungle Pussy (I don't care it's her stagename, she's not robbing banks on stage) shouting about how she defines Black Power while screeching and waving a gun on a bank counter, until her Black female accomplice shoots the Black guard.
Certainly not the movie where said accomplice then abandons her child (again) and places her in mortal danger while getting most of her accomplices killed.
A betrayal only made possible she cheated on her partner and was fucked and impregnated by an influential enough white man a few scenes earlier.
PTA is sick. There's a reason a Black woman has had 4 of his kids and he still won't marry her.
I don't have numbers for you, but the answer is likely of the order "almost always after a rollover". The cage will protect the occupants from being crushed, not the high-tolerance door and hinge clearances. And rollovers are common.
Again, the confirmation of priors effect is extremely strong here. People are leaping from "Tesla manual door handles are difficult to open from inside the cabin" to "All Tesla accidents are the fault of the interior door handles".
Of course you can very often open doors after a rollover, maybe it's very different in US cars but here we have complete stress and collision tests, and if doors can't be opened after a rollover, your car won't pass and won't be sold on the European market (unless you get an exemption for collection/luxury vehicles, but Tesla won't qualify).
Citation? I've never heard of such a test. The opposite is routinely tested: making sure doors don't pop open (and potentially eject occupants) during rollovers. Demanding the very tightly engineered door mechanisms to survive that kind of stress and remain operable with mere handles simply isn't feasible. Even in Europe.
There is an astute comment floating around here that describes the tendency for human psychology to absorb information first through the limbic/emotional center first before the logical part. It is unsurprising to see horrible reactions after tragedies through social media. Living too close to the edge of the present brings out the worst in people. My faith in humanity hopes that many of these people will reconsider and regret some of the things they say and post.
reply